Joe Sugden's career in professional baseball spanned nearly two decades, during which he played as a catcher in Major League Baseball. Born on July 31, 1870, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Sugden began his professional journey in the early 1890s. His debut in the major leagues came with the Pittsburgh Pirates, where he played from 1893 to 1897. During his time with the Pirates, Sugden established himself as a reliable catcher, known for his defensive skills behind the plate.

After his stint with Pittsburgh, Sugden moved to the St. Louis Browns in 1898. His tenure with the Browns was marked by consistent performances, and he became a regular fixture in their lineup. Sugden's ability to handle pitchers and his defensive prowess were assets to the team. He remained with the Browns until 1901, after which he joined the Chicago White Sox.

Sugden's time with the White Sox was relatively brief, but he continued to demonstrate his capabilities as a catcher. In 1902, he returned to the St. Louis Browns, where he played until 1905. His second period with the Browns further solidified his reputation as a dependable player in the league.

In 1906, Sugden joined the Cleveland Naps, where he played for two seasons. His experience and knowledge of the game were valuable to the team, and he contributed both on and off the field. After leaving the Naps, Sugden's major league career came to a close, but he remained involved in baseball.

Throughout his career, Sugden was known for his defensive skills and his ability to work effectively with pitchers. While his offensive statistics may not have been as impressive as some of his contemporaries, his contributions behind the plate were highly regarded. Sugden's career in baseball extended beyond his playing days, as he later took on roles in coaching and mentoring younger players.